The role of echinacea extract

(1) Immune stimulating effect

Inulin: It acts by increasing the number of granulocytes and white blood cells, increasing the chemotaxis of monocytes and neutral viruses to produce bacteriolysis.

Polysaccharides: T lymphocytes and the hydrocarbon receptors on the surface of macrophages produce immunostimulatory effects, which can increase the phagocytic ability of macrophages, and stimulate macrophages to increase the number of tumor necrosis factor, interferon, and interleukin. Destroy tumor cells.

Alkylamines and caffeic acid derivatives: lipophilic alkylamines can increase the phagocytic ability of macrophages.

Echinacea: Improve the activity of non-specific T cells, produce interferon, promote the secretion of lymphocytes, reduce T-helper cells, and reduce the ratio of T-helper cells to inhibitors.

(2) Tissue renewal and anti-infection effect

Inhibition of hyaluronidase (hyaluronidase) can stimulate the growth of fibroblasts and the synthesis of glucosamine, produce corticosterone, and promote the secretion of adrenal cortex hormones. Polysaccharides have anti-infective effects.

(3) Antibacterial effect: Echinacea glycosides and caffeic acid derivatives have weak antibacterial activity.

(4) Antiviral effect: It can inhibit influenza, herpes and blistering viruses. The antiviral activity is attributed to the inhibitory effect of hyaluronidase, which can block viral receptors on the cell surface.

(5) Toxic and side effects: Excessive dosage can lead to low-grade fever, and dermatitis may occur in sensitive people.